Double-mapping should be structure-preserving. Meir (2010) formulates this constraint as follows:Įxamples of sign videos and target English sentences in the DMC Violation and DMC Compliant conditions.Double-Mapping Constraint (DMC):Ī metaphorical mapping of an iconic form should preserve the structural correspondences of the iconic mapping. Thus, the two mappings do not match because the relevant meaning of the metaphorical mapping (consumption) is not encoded by the iconic form of the sign, and the meaning depicted in the iconic mapping (bringing food to the mouth) is not present in the metaphor. The meaning conveyed by the metaphorical use of EAT in this example is that something is corroded (eaten away), not that something is held and brought to the mouth. For example, the metaphor The acid ate the metal is acceptable in many spoken languages, but rejected for sign languages in which the sign EAT iconically depicts holding food and moving it to the mouth (see the top of Figure 1 below). That is, the iconic form of a sign for a concrete concept and its metaphorical extension cannot be based on two different aspects of that concept. Meir (2010) further argued that metaphors in sign language must maintain the structural integrity of this double mapping. The ASL sign HAPPY is produced with an upward motion, while the sign DEPRESSED is produced with a downward motion.īuilding on the work of Taub (2001), Meir (2010) noted that these metaphorical signs are iconic and involve two mappings: a metaphorical mapping from concrete to abstract conceptual domains (as observed for spoken language metaphors), as well as a mapping between the concrete source domain and the linguistic form (the iconic mapping). For example, the American Sign Language (ASL) sign INFORM depicts holding an object at the head, then moving and releasing the object to an addressee. Sign languages also use metaphor, expressing abstract concepts in terms of concrete source domains ( Taub 2001 P. For example, vertical space is used to talk about positive and negative emotional states (e.g., He was feeling down That song lifted my mood), and we talk about understanding ideas in terms of grasping actions (e.g., I held onto the idea She finally got it) (Lakoff & Johnson 1980). Metaphors involve mapping between two domains, from a concrete domain associated with sensory-motor experience to a more abstract domain of mental or subjective experience. Metaphors are ubiquitous in everyday language (Lakoff & Johnson 1980) and are instrumental in how we conceptualize and communicate about abstract concepts (e.g., Jamorzik, McQuire, Cardillo & Chatterjee 2016). We propose the structured iconicity of the ASL verbs primed the semantic features involved in the iconic mapping and these primed semantic features facilitated comprehension of DMC-compliant metaphors and slowed comprehension of DMC-violation metaphors. RTs for DMC-violation sentences were longer when preceded by verb primes. Response times (RTs) were faster for DMC-compliant sentences with verb primes compared to unrelated primes or the still baseline. Metaphors were preceded by the ASL translation of the English verb, an unrelated sign, or a still video. We investigated ASL signers’ comprehension of English metaphors whose translations complied with the DMC ( Communication collapsed during the meeting) or violated the DMC ( The acid ate the metal). Meir’s (2010) Double Mapping Constraint (DMC) states the use of iconic signs in metaphors is restricted to signs that preserve the structural correspondence between the articulators and the concrete source domain and between the concrete and metaphorical domains.
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